Everyone, at some point in their life, have experienced getting sick from another human being. Whether it was contracting chicken pox playing kickball in elementary school or kissing a significant other, it is not uncommon to contract an infectious disease from another person.
A disease is defined as an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions, usually indicated by specific symptoms and signs. Infectious diseases, in particular, are caused by external factors such as viruses, bacteria, and other harmful pathogens. It may be as simple as the coughing of co-worker or carelessness in the hospital that can cause you to contract an infectious disease. These diseases range from the common cold to deadly sexually transmitted diseases.
Infectious diseases may seem like an omnipresent part of human life, but there are definitely steps that you can take to avoid contracting such infectious diseases. Being careful and conscious of your safety, along with knowing your surrounding environment can help you avoid contract an infectious disease. Your skin is the main defensive mechanism against infectious diseases, but some diseases will find other ways to enter your body.
The rest of this article will give you tips on how to avoid contracting infectious diseases. Follow these tips to change your behavior and avoid the spread and contraction of these diseases. plumber atlanta Read more »
Tags: abnormal condition, article, Atlanta, Avoid, bacteria, behavior, being, Birthday, body, brain, carelessness, chicken, chicken pox, co worker, Cold, common cold, condition, contract, contracting, contraction, cornea, course, course of a day, day, defense, defensive mechanism, difference, disease, doctor, environment, Everyone, external factors, eye, flu, germ, happy birthday, Harmful, harmful microbes, harmful pathogens, hospital, Infectious, infectious disease, infectious diseases, invitation, keyboard, kickball, life, many different things, mechanism, microbe, Microbes, mouth, nose, organism, organism that impairs bodily functions, part, person, plumber, point, pox, practice, rest, safety, school, Sex, simple, skin, song, spread, surface, system, timer, use, vaccination, Wash, wash your hands, Washing, way
Posted in medicalmatrix | February 13, 2010 | 
Comments (0)
Background
Intracranial abscesses are uncommon, serious, life-threatening infections. They include brain abscess and subdural or extradural empyema and are classified according to the anatomical location or the etiologic agent. The term brain abscess is used in this article to represent all types of intracranial abscesses.
Intracranial abscesses can originate from infection of contiguous structures (eg, otitis media, dental infection, mastoiditis, sinusitis) secondary to hematogenous spread from a remote site (especially in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease), after skull trauma or surgery, and, rarely, following meningitis. In at least 15% of cases, no source can be identified.
In recent years, the complex array of etiologic agents that cause brain abscess has become better understood.
Pathophysiology
Brain abscess is caused by intracranial inflammation with subsequent abscess formation. In at least 15% of cases, the source of the infection is unknown (cryptogenic). Infection may enter the intracranial compartment directly or indirectly via 3 routes.
Contiguous suppurative focus (45-50% of cases)
Direct extension may occur through necrotic areas of osteomyelitis in the posterior wall of the frontal sinus, as well as through the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses.This direct route of intracranial extension is more commonly associated with chronic otitic infection and mastoiditis than with sinusitis. Odontogenic infections can spread to the intracranial space via direct extension or a hematogenous route. Contiguous spread could extend to various sites in the central nervous system, causing cavernous sinus thrombosis; retrograde meningitis; and epidural, subdural, and brain abscess. Read more »
Tags: abdominal, abscess formation, abscesses, administration, age, agent, AIDS, array, artery, article, availability, Background, body, brain, brain abscess, cause, cavernous sinus thrombosis, central nervous system, cerebellum, Chronic, Clinical, compartment, complication, congenital, congenital heart disease, contamination, Contiguous, contiguous structures, course, decrease, dental infection, diagnosis, dilatation, disease, distribution, drug, dural, emergence, emissary veins, empyema, entry, epidural, esophageal, ethmoid, ethmoid sinuses, etiologic agent, etiologic agents, evidence, exacerbation, extension, extradural, focus, formation, fracture, Frequency, frontal sinus, fulmi, fulminant, fungal, Haemophilus, heart, Hematogenous, history, HIV, hospital, imaging, indolent, infection, inflammation, influenzae, injection, International, Intracranial, introduction, life, lobe, location, lung, mode, Morbidity, Mortality, MRI, mucosa, mucosal, necrotic areas, network, neutropenia, Odontogenic, odontogenic infections, osteomyelitis, paranasal, Pathophysiology, posterior, prevalence, problem, rate, resul, retrograde, route, Rupture, seed, sequelae, Sex, shrapnel, site, skin, skull, source, space, sphenoid, spread, structure, subdural, surgery, system, term, Thrombophlebitis, transplantation, trauma, United States, use, vaccine, vasculature, wall, world
Posted in medicalmatrix | | Comments (0)
Background
Mycoplasma species are the smallest free-living organisms. These organisms are unique among prokaryotes in that they lack a cell wall, a feature largely responsible for their biologic properties such as their lack of a reaction to Gram stain and their lack of susceptibility to many commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents, including beta-lactams. Mycoplasmal organisms are usually associated with mucosal surfaces, residing extracellularly in the respiratory and urogenital tracts. They rarely penetrate the submucosa, except in the case of immunosuppression or instrumentation, when they may invade the bloodstream and disseminate to different organs and tissues throughout the body.
Although scientists have isolated at least 17 species of Mycoplasma from humans, 4 types of organisms are responsible for most clinically significant infections that may come to the attention of practicing physicians. These species are Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma species. The focus of this article is infections caused by M pneumoniae; articles on Ureaplasma infections (eg, Ureaplasma Infection) and genital mycoplasmal infections contain discussions of infections caused by other mycoplasmal species.
Pathophysiology
M pneumoniae is perhaps best known as the cause of walking or atypical pneumonia, but the most frequent clinical syndrome caused by this organism is actually tracheobronchitis or bronchiolitis, often accompanied by upper respiratory tract manifestations. Pneumonia develops in only 5%-10% of persons who are infected. Acute pharyngitis and myringitis are less common.
After inhalation of respiratory aerosols, the organism attaches to host cells in the respiratory tract. The P1 adhesin and other accessory proteins mediate attachment, followed by induction of ciliostasis, local inflammation that consists primarily of perivascular and peribronchial infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes, and tissue destruction that may be mediated by liberation of peroxides. Recently, M pneumoniae has been shown to produce an exotoxin that is believed to play a role in the damage to the respiratory epithelium that occurs during acute infection. The organism also has the ability to exist intracellularly. Additionally, acute mycoplasmal respiratory tract infection may be associated with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and asthma. More extensive information on the pathogenesis of mycoplasmal respiratory infections is available in a recent review article.
Spread of infection throughout households is common, although person-to-person transmission is slower than for many other common bacterial respiratory tract infections; close contact appears necessary. Generally, the incubation period is 2-3 weeks. The organism may persist in the respiratory tract for several months, and sometimes for years in patients who are immunosuppressed, after initial infection. Read more »
Tags: ability, Acute, acute pharyngitis, adhesin, administration, aerosols, antimicrobial, article, asplenia, asthma, attachment, attention, atypical pneumonia, Background, beta lactams, bloodstream, body, bronchiolitis, case, cause, cell, climate, contact, damage, degree, destruction, disease, Epidemics, epidemiology, epithelium, evidence, exotoxin, failure, fall, feature, focus, Frequency, genitalium, geography, Gram, gram stain, greate, hospitalization, immunity, immunosuppression, incidence, increase, incubation, induction, infection, infiltration, inflammation, information, inhalation, instrumentation, International, Japan, lack, liberation, living organisms, majority, mononuclear, mononuclear leukocytes, Morbidity, Mortality, mucosal, mucosal surfaces, Mycoplasma, mycoplasma species, Mycoplasmal, mycoplasmal infections, myringitis, organism, Pathophysiology, peribronchial, period, perivascular, pneumonia, pneumoniae, prokaryotes, proportion, reaction, recovery, resolution, review, risk, role, sequelae, seroprevalence, Severe, sickle, spread, Streptococcus, Subclinical, submucosa, summer, susceptibility, syndrome, term, tissue, tissue destruction, tract, transmission, United States, upper respiratory tract, Ureaplasma, urogenital, wall, year
Posted in medicalmatrix | | Comments (0)
There has been a rising demand for salvage vehicles (i.e. repossessed cars, cheap motorcycles, and repo boats for that matter) in the recent past, and the popularity of the auto auction has been steadily on the rise. This is due to their affordable prices compared to the new ones. The question that has therefore been on many consumers’ minds is; where do I get the salvage vehicle that will cater for my transport needs at affordable prices? This article will therefore seek to take you through the best places that you will find the best salvage vehicles.
One of the places that you will find salvage vehicles is in the auctions. This is where you are bound to get a wide variety of cars from different backgrounds. It is advisable that you go with a buying agent. The agent will be of help to you in determining the best model that will fit your needs. They will also be able to asses the extent of the damage to the car. This will help you in making a good bargain. You would not want to buy a car that will eventually cost you a fortune in terms of maintenance costs.
Another secret of getting a used car is from friends and family. There may be a friend who got an accident and his/her vehicle was not damaged to a bad extent. These people are more likely to sell off the vehicle. You would be lucky if you got one since you will get it at a fair price. There are many other places though including junk yards, repair shops. You can as well get them from the classified ads.
Tags: accident, agent, article, asses, auction, auctions, auto, auto auction, bargain, best places, boats, buying, car, classified ads, consumers, damage, demand, extent, family, fortune, friend, friends and family, good bargain, junk, junk yards, maintenance, maintenance costs, matter, model, motorcycles, past, popularity, price, question, repair, repo, repossessed cars, rise, salvage, salvage vehicles, secret, transport, variety, vehicle
Posted in Others | September 22, 2007 | Comments (0)